第7章：数据绑定

本章目标

  • 理解路由事件

  • 掌握键盘输入事件

  • 掌握鼠标输入事件

  • 掌握多点触控输入事件

数据绑定概述

什么是数据绑定

​ 将WPF中的至少一个带有依赖项属性的两个对象的两个属性进行绑定，使某一个依赖项属性可以更新和它绑定的属性的功能。

​ 数据绑定涉及两个方面：一个是绑定源，再一个是绑定目标。绑定源即空间绑定所使用的源数据，绑定目标即数据显示的控件。

对于绑定源，在WPF中可以是以下4种：

  • CLR对象：可以绑定到CLR类的公开属性/子属性/索引器上
  • ADO.net 对象：例如DataTable/DataView 等。
  • XML文件：使用XPath 进行解析
  • DependencyObject: 绑定到依赖项属性上，即控件绑定控件。

对于绑定目标，必须是WPF中的DependencyObject,将数据绑定到其依赖项属性上。

数据绑定的绑定源

  • 使用接口 INoitfyPropertyChanged
  • 使用依赖属性 DependecyProperty

数据绑定的语法

1
{Binding ElementName=元素名,Path=属性,Mode=绑定模式}

绑定DependencyObject对象

根据元素名称绑定

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        
        <TextBox x:Name="txt1" TextWrapping="Wrap" Height="100"></TextBox>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding ElementName=txt1,Path=Text}"></TextBlock>
    </StackPanel>

</Window>

相对于自身或父元素绑定

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel Height="150">

        <Button Height="40" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=Self},Path=Height}" />
        <Button Height="40" Content="{Binding RelativeSource={RelativeSource Mode=FindAncestor, AncestorType=StackPanel},Path=Height}"/>
    
    </StackPanel>

</Window>

绑定CLR对象

绑定到单个对象

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Name="mainWindow"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <Label HorizontalAlignment="Center" FontSize="20">学生信息</Label>
        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="200"/>
                <ColumnDefinition/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Content="名字" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Name}" />

            <Label Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Content="性别" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Sex}" />

            <Label Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Content="年龄" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Age}" />

           
        </Grid>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

cs:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;


namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
   

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            Student student = new Student() { Name = "孙悟空", Sex = "男", Age = 18 };

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = student;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 学生类
    /// </summary>
    public class Student
    {
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string Sex { get; set; }

        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

绑定到集合元素-1

xaml代码：

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBlock>姓名：</TextBlock>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding NameList}">
            
        </ListBox>
       
    </StackPanel>

</Window>

cs代码：

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            this.NameList = new ObservableCollection<string>();
            this.NameList.Add("孙悟空");
            this.NameList.Add("猪八戒");
            this.NameList.Add("沙悟净");

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = this;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名集合
        /// </summary>
        public ObservableCollection<string> NameList { get; set; }

    }
}

绑定到集合元素-2

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBlock>学生：</TextBlock>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding StuList}">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <UniformGrid Columns="3">
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Margin="5"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Sex}" Margin="5"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Margin="5"/>
                    </UniformGrid>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        </ListBox>
       
    </StackPanel>

</Window>

cs:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            this.StuList = new ObservableCollection<Student>();
            this.StuList.Add(new Student {  Name="孙悟空",Sex="男",Age=150});
            this.StuList.Add(new Student { Name = "猪八戒", Sex = "男", Age = 120 });
            this.StuList.Add(new Student { Name = "沙悟净", Sex = "男", Age = 100 });

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = this;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名集合
        /// </summary>
        public ObservableCollection<Student> StuList { get; set; }

    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 学生类
    /// </summary>
    public class Student
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 姓名
        /// </summary>
        public string Name { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 性别
        /// </summary>
        public string Sex { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 年龄
        /// </summary>
        public int Age { get; set; }
    }
}

MVVM模式实现数据绑定

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding School}" />
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding TeacherCount}" />
        <TextBlock Text="{Binding StudentCount}" />
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

cs:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            MainViewModel mvm = new MainViewModel();
            mvm.School = "广创";
            mvm.TeacherCount = 20;
            mvm.StudentCount = 500;

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = mvm;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 页面视图 数据 模型
    /// </summary>
    public class MainViewModel
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 学校
        /// </summary>
        public string School { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 教师人数
        /// </summary>
        public int TeacherCount { get; set; }

        /// <summary>
        /// 学生人数
        /// </summary>
        public int StudentCount { get; set; }
    }
}

属性改变通知进行数据绑定

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Name="mainWindow"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <Label HorizontalAlignment="Center" FontSize="20">学生信息</Label>
        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="200"/>
                <ColumnDefinition/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Content="名字" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Name}" />

            <Label Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Content="性别" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Sex}" />

            <Label Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Content="年龄" HorizontalAlignment='Right'/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding Age}" />

            <Button Name="btn1" Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Width="120" Height="40" Margin="5" Click="btn1_Click">显示对象信息</Button>
            <Button Name="btn2" Grid.Row="4" Grid.Column="1" Width="120" Height="40" Margin="5" Click="btn2_Click">清除对象信息</Button>
        </Grid>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

cs:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;


namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        Student student;

        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            student = new Student() { Name = "孙悟空", Sex = "男", Age = 18 };

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = student;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 显示对象信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btn1_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            MessageBox.Show(this.student.ToString());
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 清空对象内容
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btn2_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.student.Name = null;
            this.student.Sex = null;
            this.student.Age = null;
        }
    }

    /// <summary>
    /// 页面视图 数据 模型
    /// </summary>
    public class Student : INotifyPropertyChanged
    {
        private string name;
        public string Name
        {
            get { return name; }
            set
            {
                name = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Name");//引发事件
            }
        }

        private string sex;
        public string Sex
        {
            get { return sex; }
            set
            {
                sex = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Sex");//引发事件
            }
        }

        private int? age;
        public int? Age
        {
            get { return age; }
            set
            {
                age = value;
                OnPropertyChanged("Age");//引发事件
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 属性改变事件
        /// </summary>
        public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

        /// <summary>
        /// 事件处理函数
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="property"></param>
        public void OnPropertyChanged(string property)
        {
            PropertyChanged?.Invoke(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(property));
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return string.Format("姓名：{0},性别：{1}，年龄：{2}", Name, Sex, Age);
        }
    }
}

绑定ADO.NET 对象

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Name="mainWindow"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <TextBlock>学生：</TextBlock>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding StuListData}">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <UniformGrid Columns="3">
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Name}" Margin="5"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Sex}" Margin="5"/>
                        <TextBlock Text="{Binding Age}" Margin="5"/>
                    </UniformGrid>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        </ListBox>

    </StackPanel>
</Window>

cs:

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using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using System.Windows.Data;
using System.Windows.Documents;
using System.Windows.Input;
using System.Windows.Media;
using System.Windows.Media.Imaging;
using System.Windows.Navigation;
using System.Windows.Shapes;

namespace WPF_CH07_Demo01
{
    /// <summary>
    /// MainWindow.xaml 的交互逻辑
    /// </summary>
    public partial class MainWindow : Window
    {
        public MainWindow()
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            //初始化数据
            this.InitialData();
            

            //指定数据上下文
            this.DataContext = this;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 初始化数据
        /// </summary>
        public void InitialData()
        {
            this.StuListData = new DataTable();

            //列
            this.StuListData.Columns.Add("Name", typeof(string));
            this.StuListData.Columns.Add("Sex", typeof(string));
            this.StuListData.Columns.Add("Age", typeof(int));

            //行
            DataRow row1 = this.StuListData.NewRow();
            row1["Name"] = "孙悟空";
            row1["Sex"] = "男";
            row1["Age"] = 18;
            DataRow row2 = this.StuListData.NewRow();
            row2["Name"] = "猪八戒";
            row2["Sex"] = "男";
            row2["Age"] = 19;
            DataRow row3 = this.StuListData.NewRow();
            row3["Name"] = "沙悟净";
            row3["Sex"] = "男";
            row3["Age"] = 20;

            //添加到数据表
            this.StuListData.Rows.Add(row1);
            this.StuListData.Rows.Add(row2);
            this.StuListData.Rows.Add(row3);
        }
        
        /// <summary>
        /// 学生数据表
        /// </summary>
        public DataTable StuListData { get; set; }

    }

}

绑定XML对象

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Name="mainWindow"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <ListBox ItemsSource="{Binding Source={StaticResource PeopleData}}">
            <ListBox.ItemTemplate>
                <DataTemplate>
                    <UniformGrid Columns="2">
                        <TextBlock Width="200" Text="{Binding XPath='@Name'}"/>
                        <TextBlock Width="200" Text="{Binding XPath='@Age'}"/>
                    </UniformGrid>
                </DataTemplate>
            </ListBox.ItemTemplate>
        </ListBox>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

xml:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<People>
	<Person Name="孙悟空" Age="30" />
	<Person Name="猪八戒" Age="25" />
	<Person Name="沙悟净" Age="35" />
</People>

App.xaml:

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<Application x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.App"
             xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
             xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
             xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
             StartupUri="MainWindow.xaml">
    <Application.Resources>
        <XmlDataProvider x:Key="PeopleData"  XPath="People/Person" Source="data.xml"/>
    </Application.Resources>
</Application>

WPF的5种绑定模式

  1. OneWay（源变就更新目标属性）
  2. TwoWay（源变就更新目标并且目标变就更新源）
  3. OneTime（只根据源来设置目标，以后都不会变）
  4. OneWayToSource（与OneWay相反）
  5. Default（可以单向或双向，是靠被值定的源或目标是否有get或set来指定的）

xaml:

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<Window x:Class="WPF_CH07_Demo01.MainWindow"
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:local="clr-namespace:WPF_CH07_Demo01"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Name="MainWindow1"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="450" Width="800">
    <StackPanel>
        <Slider Name="sb1" Minimum="0" Maximum="100" Value="50" Width="300" Height=" 30" SmallChange="1"/>
        <Grid>
            <Grid.RowDefinitions>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
                <RowDefinition/>
            </Grid.RowDefinitions>
            <Grid.ColumnDefinitions>
                <ColumnDefinition Width="300"/>
                <ColumnDefinition/>
            </Grid.ColumnDefinitions>

            <Label Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="0" Content="OneWay"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="0" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding ElementName=sb1,Path=Value,Mode=OneWay}"/>

            <Label Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="0" Content="OneWayToSource"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="1" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding ElementName=sb1,Path=Value,Mode=OneWayToSource}"/>

            <Label Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="0" Content="TwoWay"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="2" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding ElementName=sb1,Path=Value,Mode=TwoWay}"/>

            <Label Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="0" Content="OneTime"/>
            <TextBox Grid.Row="3" Grid.Column="1" Text="{Binding ElementName=sb1,Path=Value,Mode=OneTime}"/>
        </Grid>
    </StackPanel>
</Window>

课后作业

略